Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Amendment No.1 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 of XORTX Therapeutics Inc. (the “Company”), of our report dated March 21, 2025, on the consolidated statement of financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024, and the related consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2025.

We also consent to the reference to us under the captions “Prospectus Summary – Recent Development” and “Experts”.

/s/ DAVIDSON & COMPANY LLP

February 12, 2026